There are many different programming styles, each with their strengths and weaknesses. One such type of programming language is functional programming. A functional programming language is code that is completely made up of functions. There is quite a cult following for functional programming in the academic world, and there seems to be momentum for those types of languages in the commercial world.
The first big advantage of functional programming languages is higher order functions. They work like math functions. You plug values into these functions. Then, to get more complex tasks completed, you can put functions inside of functions, and the output can be functions or values. All output is resolved by functions.
The other important advantage to this type of code is lazy evaluation. Under lazy evaluation, results from pieces of code are not calculated until those results are needed. This is more efficient and saves processing time, always in demand.
Functional programming languages include Haskell, Erlang, and Lisp. This type of language can be maintained quicker than others because the code tends to be simpler and modular, broken into simpler component pieces.
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